Administering the patient health questionnaires 2 and 9 phq. Phq 9 has been studied and demonstrated good criterion and construct validity among adolescents, with high levels of sensitivity and specificity in this age. Pdf utility of the phq9 to identify major depressive disorder in. However, mdd is frequently underdiagnosed and consequently only some patients receive the appropriate treatment. The phq9 was completed by 442 youth 17 years who were. Phq9 scoring instructions and interpretation scoring add the scores indicated for each item in each column and add the columns together for the total score. The present study aims to determine the utility of the patient health questionnaire9 phq9 to identify mdd in a subset of pc patients participating in the large psicap. The spanish phq 9 is provided by the authors of the phq and is available for public use. Patient completes phq9 quick depression assessment. Accuracy of patient health questionnaire9 phq9 for. To compare the edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds and patient health questionnaire phq9 as screening tools for postpartum depression.
This is a pdf file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. A multigroup confirmatory factor analysis of the patient health. Multiply that number by the value indicated below, then add the subtotal to produce a total score. Depressive disorders were assessed using phq 9 and a structured clinical interview structured clinical interview for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, revised third edition. The patient health questionnaire9 phq9 and its ultrabrief version i. Conclusions as a screening instrument, the phq9 performed better. The phq 9 is a brief, 9 item scale that includes only the depressionrelated items from the phq. So when the phq was developed and published in 1999, we became interested in studying the feasibility of using the spanish version of the phq9 to assess major depression for research and clinical purposes. Spitzer, md, and colleagues, with an educational grant from pfizer inc. Depression as measured by phq9 versus clinical diagnosis. Every treatment guideline around the world recommends use of measurementbased care. The phq9 does not measure the direction of sleep and appetite change, or the concepts of punishment feelings, crying, indecisiveness, irritability, and libido, which are measured by the bdiii.
The phq9 was translated to spanish by the college alcohol problems study. A total of 178 patients completed the full phq test, including the depression module phq9. Phq 9 questionnaire for depression scoring and interpretation guide for physician use only scoring. Incorporating mental health screening into adolescent office visits phq9 administering the patient health questionnaire modified for teens phq9 modified can be used with patients between the ages of 12 and 18 and takes less than five minutes to complete and score. As a screening instrument, the phq9 performed better with a cutoff. Incorporating mental health screening into adolescent office.
Comparing the beck depression inventoryii bdiii and. The podiatric health questionnaire phq is a healthrelated questionnaire consisting of six questions designed for measuring foot health status. Translation and testretest of the spanish podiatry health. Patient health questionnaire phq9 for depression using phq9 diagnosis and score for initial treatment selection a depression diagnosis that warrants treatment or treatment change, needs at least one of the first two questions endorsed as. Using the 9item patient health questionnaire phq9 to. They should be used in research and evaluation as potentially useful tools to. Conclusions both phq9 and phq2 are valid screening instruments for depression in the rural elderly in china, with recommended cutoff scores of 8 and 3 respectively. Role of the phq 9 mark williams, md miccsi webinar february 2014. Perinatal depression and phq9 scoring speaker bio gabrielle kaufman, ma, lpcc, bcdmt, ncc is a dancemovement therapist and licensed professional clinical counselor with over 20 years experience in the helping profession. Utility of the phq9 to identify major depressive disorder in. Patient health questionnaire 9 introduction the patient health questionnaire phq is a selfreport version of the primary care evaluation of mental disorders primemd diagnostic tool for common mental disorders. The phq9 was completed by 6,000 patients in 8 primary care clinics and 7 obstetricsgynecology clinics. The apa is offering a number of emerging measures for further research and clinical evaluation. Evaluation of the patient health questionnaire phq9 for.
It also does not require significant training to administer or score, making it a simple and effective way to evaluate depression. Translations the phq9 has been translated into a range of languages e. The patient health questionnaire has been developed further to encompass the phq15 for severity of somatic symptoms, an ultrabrief version phq4, and the phq8 to measure current depression in the general population3,4,5. Its free, and its been shown to be effective in multiple settings and situations.
Initial assessment and monitoring for healthcare professional use only phq9 quick depression assessment tool. Incorporating mental health screening into adolescent office visits phq9 spanish administering the patient health questionnaire modified for teens phq9 modified can be used with patients between the ages of 12 and 18 and takes less than five minutes to complete and score. The score of 3 of phq2 showed the highest youdens index of 0. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance characteristics and validity of the patient health questionnaire 9 item phq 9 as a screening tool for depression among adolescents. Phq9 scores 10 had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 88% for major depressive disorder. Its short, taking just a couple of minutes to complete. Interpretation of total score and treatment suggestions score range treatment 04 normal no action 59 mild watchful waiting. Article pdf available in bmc psychiatry september 2019 with 106 reads. Role of the phq9 mark williams, md miccsi webinar february 2014. The publishers final edited version of this article is available at cultur divers ethnic minor.
Patient health questionnaire9 introduction the patient health questionnaire phq is a selfreport version of the primary care evaluation of mental disorders primemd diagnostic tool for common mental disorders. Read more about phq9 visual answer aid spanish phq9 visual answer aid. It contains the mood phq9, anxiety, alcohol, eating, and somatoform modules. Purpose evidence regarding the onset of depressive symptoms in primary care is rarely available but can help inform policy development, service planning, and clinical decision making. Phq 9 patient depression questionnaire for initial diagnosis. Patient completes phq 9 quick depression assessment on accompanying tearoff pad. It was developed based on the criteria from the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition dsmiv.
Crosscultural validity of the spanish version of phq9 among. Scores of 5, 10, 15, and 20 represent cut points for mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the test performance of the phq 9 for detecting major and minor depression in elderly patients in primary care. Results may be included in patient files to assist you in setting up a treatment goal, determining degree of response, as well as guiding treatment intervention. Scoring the phq9 modified for teens is easy but involves thinking about several different aspects of depression.
The objective of this study was to estimate the 12month cumulative incidence and predictors of a positive screen for depressive symptoms on the 9item patient health questionnare9 phq9 among primary care. Phq9english pdf phq9spanish pdf gad7english pdf gad7spanish. Concordance of edinburgh postnatal depression scale epds. The items are rated on a 4point ordinal scale indicating how frequently the symptom has been present in the past 2 weeks. Phq2 are widely used measures of depressive symptoms. Utility of the phq9 to identify major depressive disorder in adult. Consider scheduling a followup visit in a few weeks, patient. Thus, this study aimed to perform the spanish translation and testretest procedures of the phq phqs. Patient health questionnaire, including phq, phq9, phqbrief.
The spanish version of the phq9 was shown to have item. The nineitem patient health questionnaire9 phq9 and the shorter phq2 and phq8 are commonly recommended for depression screening. Spanish version in a clinical sample with emotional disorders. The phq 9 was completed by 442 youth 17 years who were. The phq9 is a depression scale consisting of nine questions. Phq9 patient health questionnaire maternal depression screening. The patient health questionnaire phq 9 has rapidly become the national and international gold standard measurement tool in major depression. Of the 9 items, between 2 to 4 are checked as at least more than half the days either item 1 or 2 is checked as at least more than half the days phq9 scores can be used to plan and monitor treatment. Patient completes phq9 quick depression assessment on accompanying tearoff pad. For each symptom put an x in the box beneath the answer that best describes how you have been feeling. The patient health questionnaire phq9 overview the phq9 is a multipurpose instrument for screening, diagnosing, monitoring and measuring the severity of depression.
Interpretation of total score and treatment suggestions score range treatment 04 normal no action 5 9 mild watchful waiting. The phq9 modified can be administered and scored by a nurse, medical. Nomograms of positive top and negative bottom predictive values for cutoff score 10 of the patient health questionnaire9 phq9 for major depression prevalence values of 525% for each reference standard category semistructured diagnostic interviews, fully structured diagnostic interviews. Phq screening tools patient health questionnaire phq is a diagnostic tool for mental health disorders used by health care professionals that is quick and easy for patients to complete. This symptom assessment tool measures health using nine items on 4point scales and a 4point scale for impact on daily life. So when the phq was developed and published in 1999, we became interested in studying the feasibility of using the spanish version of the phq 9 to assess major depression for research and clinical purposes. The phq9 is a brief, 9item scale that includes only the depressionrelated items from the phq. The patient health questionnaire phq9 has rapidly become the national and international gold standard measurement tool in major depression. Using the patient health questionnaire phq9 and the. Of the 9 items, b, c, or d are circled as at least more than half the days.
The phq 2 is a tool used to screen for depression, while the phq 9 tool is used to screen or diagnose depression, measure the severity of symptoms, and measure a patients response to treatment. The phq9 consists of 9 questions that represent the 9 diagnostic criteria for major depression. The patient health questionnaire 9 item phq 9 is a 9 question less specific version of the phq. These patient assessment measures were developed to be administered at the initial patient interview and to monitor treatment progress. Phq9 has been studied and demonstrated good criterion and construct validity among adolescents, with high levels of sensitivity and specificity in this age. Thus, the primary objectives of our ipd metaanalyses are to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the phq 9, phq 8, and phq 2 to detect mdd among adults across all potentially relevant cutoff scores. One screening tool, the patient health questionnaire9 phq9, which was. To use the phq9 as a diagnostic aid for major depressive disorder. We conducted a crosssectional study on an intentional sample of adult ambulatory care patients with different. Depression as measured by phq9 versus clinical diagnosis as. Questions 1 andor 2 need to be endorsed as a 2 or 3. Refer to the accompanying phq9 scoring box to interpret the total score. The present study aims to determine the utility of the patient health questionnaire 9 phq 9 to identify mdd in a subset of pc patients participating in the large psicap study.
The phq9 can be used as a tool for diagnosing depression as well as for monitoring the patients treatment. Professional reference articles are designed for health professionals to use. The feasibility of using the spanish phq9 to screen for. Depression as measured by phq9 versus clinical diagnosis as an independent predictor of longterm mortality in a. As a screening instrument, the phq9 performed better with a cutoff value. Over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems. Patient health questionnaire 9 phq 9 over the last 2 weeks, how often have you been bothered by any of the following problems. The prevalence of major depressive disorder mdd in spanish primary care pc centres is high.
The phq 9 consists of 9 questions that represent the 9 diagnostic criteria for major depression. Utility of the phq9 to identify major depressive disorder. Pdf background the patient health questionnaire9 phq9 is a brief. Phq 9 modified offered through teenscreen primary care is a version of the adult phq 9 that has been slightly adapted see below under important information. When choosing between the phq9 and bdiii, there are factors to consider other than length and cost. We conducted a crosssectional study on an intentional sample of adult ambulatory care patients with different degrees of. A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the peruvian demographic and health survey endes in spanish, a. The diagnostic accuracy of the patient health questionnaire 9 phq 9 for assessment of depression in elderly persons in primary care settings in the united states has not been previously addressed. Initial assessment and monitoring for healthcare professional use only phq 9 quick depression assessment tool. Oct 27, 2014 the nineitem patient health questionnaire 9 phq 9 and the shorter phq 2 and phq 8 are commonly recommended for depression screening.
Patient health questionnaire phq 9 for depression using phq 9 diagnosis and score for initial treatment selection a depression diagnosis that warrants treatment or treatment change, needs at least one of the first two questions endorsed as positive little pleasure, feeling depressed indicating the. The original full patient health questionnaire phq was administered at baseline as selfreport from which the phq 9 was derived. Patient completes phq 9 quick depression assessment. Calma the first toobased application for smartphones in spanish for. The 9 symptom questions are followed by a question about the level of functional impairment. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the test performance of the phq9 for detecting major and minor depression in elderly patients in primary care. Phq9 patient depression questionnaire for initial diagnosis. Phq9 patient health questionnaire maternal depression. Phq 9 scoring instructions and interpretation scoring add the scores indicated for each item in each column and add the columns together for the total score.
The patient health questionnaire phq9 the phq9 is a 9item, depressionscreening scale kroenke et al. Patient health questionnaire phq9 this article is for medical professionals. The present study aims to determine the utility of the patient health questionnaire9 phq9 to identify mdd in a subset of pc patients participating in the large psicap study. The patient health questionnaire 9item phq9 is a 9question less specific version of the phq. The primary outcome of this study was to find rates of concordance. In our study, this questionnaire assesseed 9 depressive symptoms experienced by participants in the 14 days prior to evaluation. The reliability and validity of the patient health questionnaire9. However, a shortcoming in our field is the lack of indepth knowledge about what this instrument is, how to interpret. Patient health questionnaire phq9 michigan medicine.
The purpose of this study was to examine the performance characteristics and validity of the patient health questionnaire 9 item phq9 as a screening tool for depression among adolescents. Of the 9 items, 5 or more are checked as at least more than half the days 2. Incorporating mental health screening into adolescent. This study aimed to validate and calibrate the phq 9 to determine appropriate cutoff points for different degrees of severity of depression in argentina. The diagnostic accuracy of the patient health questionnaire9 phq9 for assessment of depression in elderly persons in primary care settings in the united states has not been previously addressed. This study population included the first 500 women to enroll and return their packets during an ongoing study of postpartum depression. The 12month incidence and predictors of phq9screened. Of the 9 items, 5 or more are circled as at least more than half the days either item 1a or 1b is positive, that is, at least more than half the days minor depressive syndrome is suggested if.
Sep 18, 2019 the patient health questionnaire 9 phq 9 is a brief tool to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. Phq9 and phq2 for screening depression in chinese rural. The patient health questionnaire9 is the 9 item depression module of the patient health. Incorporating mental health screening into adolescent office visits phq 9 administering the patient health questionnaire modified for teens phq 9 modified can be used with patients between the ages of 12 and 18 and takes less than five minutes to complete and score. Phq9 patient health questionnaire maternal depression screening oregon maternal, infant and early. The phq 9 is a 9 item questionnaire used to screen for, monitor, diagnose, and measure the severity of depressive symptoms. The apa is offering a number of emerging measures for. Patient health questionnaire, including phq, phq9, phq. Scoring the phq9 modified for teens scoring the phq9 modified for teens is easy but involves thinking about several different aspects of depression. The phq9 is the depression module, which scores each of the 9 dsmiv criteria as 0 not at all to 3 nearly every day.
The spanish version of the phq9 was shown to have item properties of an effective. The phq 9 modified can be administered and scored by a nurse, medical. Patient health questionnaire9 national institute on. The patient health questionnaire phq 9 the phq 9 is a 9 item, depressionscreening scale kroenke et al. Phq9 scoring instructions and interpretation scoring. Pdf validation and calibration of the patient health questionnaire. Administering the patient health questionnaires 2 and 9 phq 2 and 9 in integrated care settings purpose of this document this document has been developed to help clarify and address common questions on the use and administration of the patient health questionnaires 2. Patient health questionnaire phq9 nine symptom checklist. Phq9 modified offered through teenscreen primary care is a version of the adult phq9 that has been slightly adapted see below under important information.
Developed for diagnosis and severity assessment, but can be used for screening phq 2 also used wendy n davis, phd 2012. How often have you been bothered by each of the following symptoms during the past two weeks. Thus, the primary objectives of our ipd metaanalyses are to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the phq9, phq8, and phq2 to detect mdd among adults across all potentially relevant cutoff scores. Instructions how to score the phq9 major depressive disorder is suggested if. The patient health questionnaire9 phq9 is a brief tool to assess the presence and severity of depressive symptoms. This study aimed to validate and calibrate the phq9 to determine appropriate cutoff points for different degrees of severity of depression in argentina. A study of the diagnostic accuracy of the phq9 in primary. Patient health questionnaire9 national institute on drug abuse. Disclosures nothing to disclose many people to thank as i borrowed slides from presentations over the years used with icsi, aims, and here at mayo. Phq9 and phq2 for screening depression in chinese rural elderly.
Administering the patient health questionnaires 2 and 9 phq 2 and 9 in integrated care settings purpose of this document this document has been developed to help clarify and address common questions on the use and administration of the patient health questionnaires 2 and 9 phq 2 and 9 as preventive. The gad7 was subsequently developed as a brief scale for anxiety. The diagnostic validity of the 9item phq9 was established in studies involving 8 primary care and 7 obstetrical clinics. To date, the phq has only been validated in the englishlanguage version. Administering the patient health questionnaires 2 and 9. They are written by uk doctors and based on research evidence, uk and european guidelines, so you may find the language more technical than the condition leaflets. Relevant articles and a bibliography are also freely available. Administer the phq9 as a screen for maternal depression. Patient health questionnaire phq9 british columbia.
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